Glossary

Definitions of common terms and acronyms you may encounter as a Christmas lighting enthusiast.

• 5mm
  A 5mm is a mini LED bulb usually features a wide-angle, concave lens that measures roughly 5 millimeters in diameter. The lens concentrates the light from the miniature bulb and helps to evenly distribute it in a wider range than other bulbs.
• Ambient Lighting
  Ambient lighting is lighting designed to create an overall atmosphere in a space. It typically consists of general, diffused light that provides a background illumination and acts as the main source of light in a room. Ambient lighting can come from natural sources such as sunlight or artificial sources such as overhead lights and wall ...
• Amp
  An amp (or ampere) is the unit of measurement used for electrical current. It describes the rate at which electric charge flows through a circuit, and is equal to one coulomb of charge per second.
• Backlighting
  Backlighting is a technique used in Christmas lighting to create a glow around an object. It is accomplished by placing a light behind the object and point the light at the object, but the source of light obscured to a viewer on the opposite side of the object.
• Blacklight
  Black light, also known as ultraviolet (UV) light, is a type of electromagnetic energy which produces visible radiation in the UV spectrum. It is most often used in specialized applications such as halloween lighting displays, scientific research and photography.
• Bulb
  A bulb is a device that generates visible light when electricity passes through it. It consists of a glass bulb filled with a gas, typically an inert gas such as argon or krypton, and an electric filament. The filament is heated by the current running through it and emits light. Different types of light bulbs ...
• Bulb Voltage
  Bulb voltage is a measure of the potential difference existing between two points in a circuit. Put simply, it’s the “pressure” of electric current that allows it to flow through a circuit. Voltage is usually expressed in volts (V), and for most lightbulbs this ranges from about 1 V to 300 V. Bulb voltage affects ...
• C Series
  C series describes the shape of a light bulb that is also known as candle, candelabra or cone. It is considered a vintage, retro upside down conical shape popularly used in Christmas lighting.
• Candela
  Candela is the unit of measurement used to measure the intensity of light radiation. It is defined as the amount of light energy per unit area, which is equivalent to one lumen per square meter. Candela is commonly used in lighting applications such as measuring the brightness of a light bulb or luminary.
• Candelabra
  A candelabra is a decorative piece of furniture that holds multiple candles. Typically, it consists of a vertical pole, usually made of metal, with several arms which can hold candles or other lights. Candelabras are traditionally seen in Christmas decorators, churches and religious ceremonies but have become increasingly popular in homes as an elegant lighting ...
• Cascade Light
  Tubes of light with LED bulbs arranged in a cascading pattern create an eye-catching effect, resembling the illusion of falling lights. As the individual bulbs blink on and off, it creates a mesmerizing display that is perfect for adding ambiance and style to any space.
• Cave Effect
  The cave effect is a phenomenon that occurs when artificial light from overhead fixtures are directed straight down, creating an unnatural and unappealing lighting environment. This type of lighting creates harsh shadows and deep contrast, as well as a feeling of discomfort and unease for those inhabiting the room. To avoid this effect, proper techniques ...
• Color Rendering Index (CRI)
  The Color Rendering Index (CRI) is used to measure the ability of a light source to accurately display colors when compared to natural light. Specifically, it evaluates how faithfully colors are displayed in comparison to sunlight by measuring eight color samples. On a scale from 0-100, the higher the CRI rating, the better the color ...
• Color Temperature (CT)
  Color temperature is a characteristic of visible light that has important applications in lighting, photography, videography, publishing, manufacturing, astrophysics, and other fields. It is expressed in Kelvin (K) using the Planckian locus – a visual plot of the spectrum of brightness and hue of different pure light sources. A lower color temperature indicates a more ...
• Corner Tree
  A corner tree is a full-size Christmas tree (usually artificial) with branches that are arranged in such a way that they fit perfectly into a corner of the room.
• Cove Lighting
  Cove lighting is a type of indirect lighting that illuminates a space by hiding the light source. It is usually installed in or on a ceiling or wall and creates soft, rounded light that radiates across the room. Cove lighting is generally used to pair with other forms of direct and semi-direct lighting for a ...
• Cross Lighting
  Cross lighting is a type of lighting technique that utilizes two or more light sources at different angles in order to create depth and texture in an environment. This may involve combining direct and indirect forms of light and can be used to bring out certain elements of a space, such as paintings or furniture. ...
• CSA
  The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is a standards organization that promotes public safety, quality and environmental performance. Founded in 1919 as the Canadian Engineering Standards Association, it has since evolved into a multi-faceted research and certification body with over 30,000 members globally. CSA is internationally recognized for developing safety standards in areas such as electrical, construction, ...
• Current
  In lighting, current is the flow of charged particles (electrons) through a conductor, such as a wire. Current is measured in amperes (amps or A), and the amount of current determines how much power is transferred through a circuit. Current is also what powers light fixtures, with higher currents resulting in brighter lights.
• Daisy Chain
  In lighting, a daisy chain is a wiring technique where multiple light fixtures are connected together in a line. This allows for multiple lights to be powered from one circuit, making them more efficient and easier to control. Daisy chaining also eliminates the need for additional wiring, as all the lights can draw power from ...
• Design Lights Consortium (DLC)
  The Design Lights Consortium (DLC) is a non-profit organization that works to promote energy efficiency in lighting. They develop standards for energy-efficient lighting products as well as provide guidance and incentives to help increase the use of these products. The DLC also sets guidelines and provides certification programs for both commercial and residential lighting products.
• Diffuse
  Diffuse is a type of lighting in which light is scattered equally throughout an area, giving it a uniform look. It is often used to create a soft and even illumination over a large area. Diffused lighting can be achieved through the use of frosted glass, screens, and other materials that scatter the light in ...
• Diffuser
  A diffuser is a device used to diffuse light. Diffusers are typically made from materials such as frosted glass, screens, or fabric, and are placed in front of lights to scatter the light in multiple directions and create a soft, even illumination. Diffusers also help to reduce hot spots, glare, and shadows in lighting setups.
• Dimmable
  Dimmable is a term used to describe lights or lamps that can be adjusted to different brightness levels. This can be achieved through the use of dimmers, which are devices that adjust the amount of electricity flowing to a light source and enable users to control its brightness. Dimmable lights are often used in lighting ...
• Dimmer
  A dimmer is a device used to adjust the brightness of a light or lamp. Dimmers can be installed in electrical circuits, and are typically operated by a knob or switch that controls the amount of power being sent to the light. Dimmers come in both digital and analog models, with digital models providing more ...
• Directional Lighting
  Directional lighting is a type of lighting that focuses light in one direction. It can be used for both task and accent lighting, and often creates directional shadows that can create interesting visual effects. Directional lighting typically involves the use of spotlights or directional lamps like track lighting and recessed lights. It is commonly used ...
• Downlight
  A downlight is a type of lamp or light fixture that shines light downward. Downlights are commonly used in homes, restaurants, offices, and other indoor spaces to provide ambient lighting. They are typically installed in recessed fixtures in the ceiling and have adjustable beams can be angled towards a specific area or wall. Downlights come ...
• Edison Bulb
  An Edison bulb is a type of light bulb that has a distinct, vintage style. It features a classic design that includes an exposed filament encased in clear glass, reminiscent of the bulbs used in the late 19th century and early 20th century by Thomas Edison himself. Edison bulbs are available in a variety of ...
• Efficacy
  In lighting, efficacy is a measure of how much light is produced per unit of energy used. It is typically measured in lumens (lm) per watt (W). The higher the efficacy, the more efficient the light source is and the lower energy costs it generates. LED lights are known for their high efficacy, with many ...
• Electroluminescent (EL)
  Electroluminescent (EL) lighting is a form of lighting technology that uses electric current to excite phosphors, causing them to emit visible light. It is relatively low power compared to other forms of lighting and can be produced in thin sheets or panels. EL lights are often used in displays and signage, as they provide an ...
• Elliptical Lens
  An elliptical lens is an optical element with a curved surface that has two focal points located on the same plane. In lighting, the design produces an asymmetrical distribution of light in one direction. This type of lens is most commonly used in imaging systems due to its ability to create an image with ...
• Energy
  Energy in lighting refers to the amount of energy that is used to power the lights. This energy can come from a variety of sources, including electricity, batteries, solar power and more. Lighting types such as LED and fluorescent bulbs require less energy to produce the same amount of light than traditional incandescent bulbs. The ...
• Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA)
  The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) is a federal energy law that promotes energy conservation and renewable energy. The Act seeks to enhance American energy security, reduce the nation’s dependence on foreign oil, mitigate global climate change, and create jobs. EISA mandated tighter fuel economy standards for motor vehicles, increased use of ...
• Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT)
  The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT) is a federal energy law that seeks to promote energy efficiency and investments in alternative energy sources such as renewable wind, solar and biofuels. EPACT provides incentives for businesses to invest in clean energy technologies and offers various tax credits for the purchase of efficient appliances or vehicles. ...
• Energy Star
  Energy Star is a voluntary program run by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Energy that encourages businesses and consumers to save energy and money by using products that carry the Energy Star label. Products that bear the Energy Star label have met specific efficiency standards set by the EPA and are designed ...
• Fairy Light
  Fairy lights are very tiny LED bulbs approximately the size of a water droplet.
• Fiber Optic
  Fiber optic lighting, also known as light piping or fiber optic illumination, is a type of lighting technology that uses strands of optical glass fibers to transmit light from a source to an illuminated object. Fiber optic lighting works by carrying light from a single source through tiny transparent fibers and dispersing it throughout an ...
• Filament
  Filament lighting is a type of incandescent lighting that uses an electric current to heat a thin wire filament until it starts to glow, emitting light. These bulbs are the most common form of light bulb found in households around the world. Filament lighting is generally considered inefficient due to its low luminous efficacy and ...
• Filter
  A lighting filter is a transparent material that can be placed in front of a light fixture or lens to alter the color and intensity of the emitted light. Filters are commonly used in photography and stage lighting to create dramatic effects, as well as in medical and scientific applications to reduce glare and improve ...
• Floodlight
  A floodlight is a type of light fixture that emits a wide, focused beam of light in order to illuminate larger areas than other types of lighting. Floodlights are commonly used for outdoor applications such as security lighting, sports arenas, stages and gardens. They can be either halogen bulbs or energy-efficient LED lights, with many ...
• Foot-Lambert
  Foot-Lamberts (fL) is a unit of measurement used to measure the luminance or brightness of an object. It is defined as one lumen per square foot and is commonly used in the imaging, video and projection industries. Foot-Lamberts are expressed as a ratio of light reflected off a surface, such as a movie screen or ...
• Footcandle
  Footcandles (fc) are a unit of measure for measuring the intensity of light. They refer to the amount of visible light that is produced by a single candle, one foot away from the source. Footcandles are essential for calculating the effectiveness and efficiency of lighting systems in commercial, residential, industrial and outdoor settings. Lighting designers ...
• Frequency
  In light, frequency refers to the number of times a wave repeats itself in one second. Frequency is commonly measured in hertz (Hz), which is equivalent to the number of cycles per second. Different types of lighting sources have different frequencies, which can affect how they appear when used for illumination or color-rendering purposes. For ...
• Frosted Lens
  A frosted lens is a translucent, semi-opaque material commonly used in lighting fixtures. It diffuses light and creates a softer glow than an unfrosted lens. Frosted lenses are often used in overhead lighting, such as track lighting and recessed lighting, as well as in decorative wall or ceiling fixtures. By softening the light output from ...
• Ganging
  Ganging is a term used to describe the process of connecting multiple fixtures together. This is often done in multi-light applications and can be accomplished either manually or with a specific ganging device. Manual ganging involves running cables from one fixture to another in order to create an independent system from multiple lights, while a ...
• Gobo
  A gobo is a stencil or template used in lighting to create patterns or textures from light. Gobos are typically made from metal, glass, or plastic, and act as a filter which allows only certain portions of the light passing through to reach the intended surface. Common applications for gobos include projection onto walls, floors, ...
• Illuminance
  Illuminance is the measure of light intensity on a surface or area. It is typically measured in lux, which is equal to one lumen per square meter. Illuminance can be described as the amount of light that falls on a surface and is usually referred to as brightness, though it should not be confused with ...
• Illuminating Engineering Society
  The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) is a nonprofit organization that sets standards for lighting and other electrical equipment. Founded in 1906, the IES is an international professional organization dedicated to advancing knowledge of lighting through research, education, and professional development. The IES publishes recommended practice guidelines for many aspects of lighting technology, such as photometry, ...
• Incandescence
  Incandescence is the emission of visible light from a hot object. When an object’s temperature rises, it emits radiation in the form of visible light. This phenomenon is called incandescence and is one of the most important principles in lighting technology. Incandescent lights produce their light through a process called thermal radiation, which occurs when ...
• Incandescent Bulb
  An incandescent bulb is a type of light source that produces light by dissipating electrical energy as heat in a filament. Incandescent bulbs have been around for more than a century and are still used in many places today. A typical incandescent bulb consists of a glass envelope with either a tungsten or halogen filament ...
• Indirect Lighting
  Indirect lighting is a type of lighting that produces a soft, diffuse glow. This type of lighting creates an even illumination of a space by bouncing the light off multiple surfaces or other objects in the area. Indirect lighting reduces glare and can create a more relaxing atmosphere than direct lighting. It is typically used ...
• Inverse Square Law
  The inverse square law states that the intensity of a light source is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the source. In other words, for every unit increase in distance, the intensity decreases by a factor of two. This law applies to any type of light source including sunlight, incandescent bulbs and ...
• Junction Box
  A junction box is an electrical enclosure that provides a safe and enclosed area to connect two or more wires. It is designed to protect the wiring from any external damage and prevent short circuits or electrical shock hazards. Junction boxes are typically made of plastic, metal, or another hard material, and they come in ...
• Kelvin
  A Kelvin unit is an SI unit of measure used to describe the color temperature of light. It is most often used in the lighting industry and it describes the hue, or color, that a light source produces. A higher Kelvin value indicates a cooler (bluer) color, while a lower Kelvin value represents a warmer ...
• Kilowatt (kW)
  A kilowatt (kW) is a unit of measurement used to measure power. It is equivalent to 1,000 watts and is commonly used to measure the output of electrical appliances and machines. The term kilowatt-hour (kWh) is often used to describe the amount of energy consumed by an appliance or machine in one hour. Kilowatts are ...
• Kilowatt-Hour (kWh)
  A kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of measurement used to measure the amount of energy, or power, consumed by an appliance or machine in one hour. It is equivalent to 1,000 watts per hour, and can be used to measure the output of solar panels, wind turbines, and other electrical systems. Kilowatt-hours are also commonly ...
• LED
  LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. It is a type of electronic semiconductor device which, when connected to an electrical circuit, produces visible light that can be used in lighting and display applications. LEDs are energy-efficient, long-lasting and do not emit harmful UV radiation like other lights.
• LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
  Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a third-party green building certification system that measures the sustainability performance of a building or facility. It assesses areas such as energy efficiency, water usage, materials selection, indoor air quality and other environmental factors. LEED certified buildings are designed to provide superior comfort, health and safety benefits ...
• LEP (Light Emitting Plasma)
  Light Emitting Plasma (LEP) is a type of solid-state lighting technology that uses an electric charge to generate light. It combines the efficiency of light-emitting diodes with the high brightness of fluorescent lighting, and produces bright, energy-efficient illumination that can last up to 50 percent longer than traditional lighting sources. LEPs are also known for ...
• Light
  Light is electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. It has a range of different wavelengths, from ultraviolet light to infrared light. Light plays an important role in the natural world, providing us with illumination, giving us our day/night cycle and allowing us to see the colors around us. Light also provides energy ...
• Light Trespass
  Light trespass is the movement of light from a light source onto a property or area which it was not intended to reach. It can be caused by point sources such as street lamps or floodlights, or from diffuse sources such as illuminated signs or bright interiors. Light trespass often results in glare, discomfort, and ...
• Lighting Facts Label
  A Lighting Facts Label is a label on a light product that provides information about the energy consumption and usage of the light. It is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The label includes information about brightness, power consumption, life expectancy, and other features to help customers make informed decisions when purchasing light products.
• Line Voltage
  Line voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. It is usually measured in volts (V) and is a measure of the pressure or force causing current to flow through an electrical circuit. Line voltage can be used to determine the correct power supply requirement for an appliance or device, as ...
• LLF (Light Loss Factor)
  The light loss factor (LLF) is a measure of how much light is lost when passing through different materials. It is calculated by the amount of light entering an area and the amount leaving it. The LLF can be affected by factors such as absorption, reflection, scattering, refraction, and transmission. In general, higher LLF values ...
• Louver
  A Louver is a type of light fixture with slatted or curved surfaces that allow light to pass through in an adjustable, directional pattern. It can be used for task lighting, accent lighting, wall washing and other applications. Louvers are often used in commercial settings but have become popular in residential applications due to their ...
• Low Voltage
  Low voltage lighting is a type of electrical lighting that runs on a low voltage direct current (DC) power source, usually between 10 and 35 volts. Low voltage lighting is popular in residential and commercial applications due to its high energy efficiency, long life expectancy, and easy installation process. Low voltage systems use small halogen ...
• LPW (Lumen Per Watt)
  LPW stands for Lumens per Watt, which is a measure of the efficiency of a light source. It is used to compare the amount of light generated by a light source with the amount of power it consumes. A higher LPW rating indicates that a light fixture or bulb is more efficient and will produce ...
• LRV (Light Reflectance Value)
  Light Reflectance Value (LRV) is a measure used in interior design and architecture to quantify the percentage of visible light reflected from a surface when illuminated by a light source. It is measured on a scale from 0 (absorbing all light) to 100 (reflecting all light). LRV is an important factor to consider when considering ...
• Lumen
  A lumen is a unit of measurement used to measure the total amount of visible light emitted by a source. It is most commonly used when referring to the brightness of an electric light, however it can also be used to quantify other forms of visible light such as sunlight or starlight. A single candle ...
• Lumen Depreciation
  Lumen depreciation refers to the decrease in light output, or brightness, over time. All light sources experience a gradual decrease in output as they age; this process is referred to as lumen depreciation. Lumen depreciation can be caused by factors such as age, usage, and environmental conditions. In some cases, bulb manufacturers may list the ...
• Lumens
  Lumens measure the total amount of visible light emitted by a light source, be it electric, natural or artificial. Lumens measure the brightness of a light source and are used to compare different levels of illumination. The higher the number of lumens, the brighter the light source. For example, an LED bulb that produces 1000 ...
• Luminaire
  A luminaire is an electrical lighting device that typically includes a lamp, plus other components such as the reflector, diffuser, and mounting components. Luminaires are used to distribute and direct light from the lamp in order to create a desired lighting effect. They come in many different styles and designs, meaning they can be used ...
• Luminaire Efficiency
  Luminaire efficiency is a measure of the amount of light emitted by a luminaire compared to the electrical power it draws. The greater the efficiency, the more light that is emitted from a given wattage. Luminaire efficiency is usually expressed as a percentage, and can be improved with better design or use of energy-saving components ...
• Luminance
  Luminance is the total brightness of a surface or object, as viewed from a particular angle. It is measured in candelas (or lumens) per unit area and is usually expressed in lux or lumens per square meter (lm/m²). Luminance is an important factor to consider when designing lighting systems, as it affects how much light ...
• Luminous Efficacy
  Luminous efficacy is the ratio of light output to power input for a luminaire or other light source. It is usually expressed in lumens per watt (lm/W) and is a measure of the efficiency of the light source. The higher the luminous efficacy, the more efficient the light source and the less electrical power required ...
• Luminous Flux
  Luminous flux is the total amount of visible light emitted by a light source, and is measured in lumens (lm). It is related to luminous intensity, which measures the amount of light emitted from a single point. The higher the luminous flux, the brighter the light source will appear.
• Lux (LX)
  Lux (lx) is a unit of measurement for illuminance or the amount of light that falls on a surface area. It is the derived SI unit for measuring illuminance and luminous emittance and is equal to one lumen per square meter (lm/m2). Lux can be used to measure both natural and artificial light sources, such ...
• Magnetic Induction
  Magnetic induction is a technique used in lighting systems to increase the efficiency of metal halide lamps by creating an alternating magnetic field actuating the gas inside. This alternating magnetic field increases electron mobility which leads to increased lumens output and improved color rendering. The magnetic induction process typically results in higher energy savings and ...
• Magnetic Transformer
  A magnetic transformer is an electrical device used in lighting systems which converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It utilizes a core of magnetically permeable material, typically iron or ferrite, along with windings of wire to create a Faraday transformer. This AC-to-DC transformer enables the use of DC power sources instead of traditional ...
• Maximum Overall Length (MOL)
  Maximum Overall Length (MOL) is a term used to describe the combined length of a light bulb and its associated socket. MOL is determined by measuring from the tip of the bulb to the base of the socket. The MOL dimensions are important considerations when selecting lamps for recessed down lights or other fixtures, as ...
• Mean Lumens
  Mean lumens is a term used to describe the average luminous flux output of a light source over its entire rated life. This number can be determined by taking the total lumens of all the individual lamps in a given sample and dividing it by the number of lamps tested. Mean lumens are an important ...
• Mercury
  Mercury is a chemical element used in the manufacture of fluorescent and high intensity discharge (HID) light bulbs. This element is heated to create an arc of light, which produces high levels of illumination. When lamp mercury reaches its boiling point, it emits ultraviolet radiation which can be hazardous if proper safety practices are not ...
• Motion Sensor
  A motion sensor is a device that detects movement or activity within a certain area and triggers an alarm or other response, such as activating a light. Motion sensors are commonly found in security systems, automated lighting systems, and home automation systems. They can be used to detect intruders, sense changes in temperature and humidity, ...
• Multi-location Control
  Multi-location control is a lighting control system that can be used to concurrently control multiple lighting fixtures from one central location. This type of system allows for more precise and efficient management of lights, as well as the ability to remotely change settings or adjust light levels from any location. Multi-location control systems can also ...
• Multifaceted Reflector
  A multifaceted reflector is a component found in some lighting fixtures that helps to evenly distribute light across its surface. The reflector works by using a series of small flat mirrors that are positioned at different angles, reflecting light in all directions and projecting it outward in a much broader pattern than would be possible ...
• NAED
  The National Association of Electric Distributors (NAED) is an American trade association that represents the interests of electric distributors, manufacturers and related businesses. The organization was founded in 1909 to provide a unified voice for the industry, and it now serves as a forum for discussion, education and advocacy on issues such as safety regulations, ...
• NAED Number
  A NAED number is an identification number assigned by the National Association of Electric Distributors (NAED) to identify companies and individuals in the electrical industry. This number ensures that businesses are registered and compliant with local, state and federal regulations related to the industry. To register for a NAED number, a business must fill out ...
• NAILD
  The National Association of Independent Lighting Distributors (NAILD) is a non-profit trade association dedicated to promoting the welfare and interests of independent lighting distributors worldwide. Established in 1913, NAILD represents over 1,000 members who are involved in wholesale distribution and sales of products for residential, commercial, and industrial lighting as well as electrical supplies. Membership with ...
• Nanometer (nm)
  In lighting, a nanometer (nm) is a measure of the wavelength of light. It is equal to one billionth of a meter, or about 0.000000001 meters. This measurement is commonly used to describe the range of colors in lighting products, such as LED lights, that emit different wavelengths of visible light. Nanometers are typically used ...
• NEC
  The National Electric Code (NEC) is a comprehensive set of safety regulations and guidelines developed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to protect people and property from electrical hazards. It is used in more than 80 countries worldwide, including the United States. The NEC covers everything from wiring choices, grounding practices, circuit design safety specifications, ...
• NEMA
  The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) is a trade association that represents leading electrical equipment manufacturers in the United States. Established in 1926, NEMA’s members include manufacturers of lighting, power transmission and distribution equipment, motors, wiring devices and other electrical products. NEMA acts as a unified voice to advocate on behalf of its members throughout the ...
• Neodymium
  Neodymium is a rare earth element that is used in many lighting applications due to its ability to emit light at a wide range of colors and temperatures. It is commonly found in LED and fluorescent lights, as well as HID lamps. In LED lights, neodymium can be used to generate white or natural light ...
• Neon
  Neon is a gas that has been used in lighting applications since the 1930s. It emits an intense red-orange glow when electricity is applied to it, giving off a strong warm light that can be seen from a distance. This makes neon well-suited for signs and advertisements, as it can be easily spotted from a ...
• Neon Rope Light
  Neon rope light is actually LED rope light designed to resemble traditional glass neon and replace the bulky and expensive neon installations of elaborate signage displays. LED rope lights feature a flexible plastic tube filled with tiny diodes that emit a brighter, more intense light than glass neon while using much less energy. The tubing ...
• Net Light
  Net lights are a configuration of Christmas lighting that forms a mesh net that has evenly spaced bulbs attached to it when tossed over an object—such as a tree or bush—the net forms an even pattern of illumination across the entire area.
• NIST
  The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency of the US Department of Commerce which works to advance measurement science, standards, and technology in support of US innovation and industrial competitiveness. Established in 1901, NIST has developed over 2,000 measurement standards used by industry and government throughout the country. NIST’s main focus is ...
• OFT
  Ozone Free Technology (OFT) is a term used to describe a type of lighting that does not emit ozone when in use. Ozone is a harmful gas that can cause an array of respiratory and other health issues, making it necessary for indoor lighting to be designed without ozone emissions. The main difference between OFT ...
• OLED
  OLED stands for organic light-emitting diode and is a type of technology used in various electronic displays. OLEDs are composed of organic compounds that emit light when an electrical current is passed through them, producing a bright, clear display with excellent contrast. OLEDs are thin and highly efficient, with much lower energy consumption than traditional ...
• Ordering Abbreviation
  Ordering abbreviation is a set of letters used to quickly communicate the type, size, and wattage of a light bulb. This can be particularly useful when ordering in bulk or from a supplier who is not familiar with specific lighting products. The following are some common abbreviations used in the lighting industry: CFL – Compact Fluorescent ...
• Path Light
  A path light is a type of outdoor lighting typically used to illuminate walkways, pathways and other areas that need to be well-lit for safety reasons. Path lights are generally small, low voltage devices that are placed along the path in order to provide both a practical benefit as well as an aesthetic one. ...
• Photocell Sensor
  A photocell sensor is an electronic device which detects changes in light intensity and converts the light energy into electrical signals. It works by using semiconductors that react when exposed to changes in light, such as day turning to night. Photocell sensors are used for a variety of applications, including streetlights, automatic doors, motion sensors ...
• Photometry
  Photometry is a branch of optics and lighting science that deals with the measurement of light intensity and other characteristics. Photometry studies are often used in the design of indoor, outdoor, and architectural lighting systems in order to determine their overall efficiency, yield more accurate results than analysis of diagrams and calculations. The measurements taken ...
• Polycarbonate
  Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic material commonly used in lighting applications due to its high impact strength and light transmission properties. It is typically utilized for outdoor fixtures as it is UV-resistant, weatherproof and much stronger than regular glass or acrylic materials.
• Polyethylene (PE) Christmas Tree
  A Polyethylene (PE) artificial Christmas tree is a type of synthetic tree that is made to look like the traditional natural evergreen trees used in holiday celebrations. These trees are typically constructed from PE plastic which has been molded into needles, branches and trunks and then attached to a metal skeleton frame. This allows them ...
• Quick Connector
  Quick connectors are an essential component of many lighting applications, especially those that require frequent movement and setup, because they provide a quick and easy way to link together multiple strands of lights, usually utilizing electrical clamps to secure the connection. This eliminates the need for traditional splicing or soldering joints which can be time ...
• Rated Average Life
  The rated average life of a lighting source is an important measure that designates how long a light source is expected to last on average. This figure is calculated by taking the total amount of hours a light source has been tested for and dividing it by the total number of sources that have failed ...
• Recessed Downlight
  A recessed downlight, also known as a can light or potlight, is a type of lighting fixture that is designed to be mounted directly into a ceiling or wall. These fixtures are typically unobtrusive, providing focused illumination in specific areas without taking up too much space.
• Refraction
  Refraction is the bending of light when it passes through different mediums, such as glass or water. This happens because light travels at different speeds in different mediums, and so when it moves from one to another its course changes.
• Refractor
  A refractor is a type of optical instrument that uses lenses or curved mirrors to bend and focus light to create an image. These devices are commonly found in applications such as microscopes, binoculars, telescopes, cameras, and some types of eyeglasses.
• Resistance (R)
  Resistance (R) is a measure of how easily electrons can flow through a material. It is measured in ohms and is represented with the letter “R”. Resistance in electrical circuits works similarly to friction in other forms of motion, such as when we rub our hands together to generate heat. When electricity moves through a ...
• Rope Light
  Rope light, also known as chase lighting, is a form of decorative lighting for use in both indoors and outdoors. This type of light consists of a flexible PVC tubing which is then filled with miniature incandescent bulbs or LEDs. Rope lights can be cut to any desired length and can also be bent into ...
• Security Lighting
  Security lighting is a type of lighting that is used to deter criminals and increase safety in residential and commercial areas, particularly after dark. This type of lighting consists of high-intensity lights directed at the exterior of buildings or outdoors areas and can be either static or motion-activated.
• Shielding
  Shielding is a type of protection that is used in lighting fixtures to prevent direct light from shining onto other objects or areas. This type of protection is particularly useful in commercial and industrial applications where it’s important not to cause too much glare or spill light into undesired locations. Shielding in lighting fixtures typically ...
• Silhouetting
  Silhouetting is a technique used in lighting design that involves masking certain objects and areas to produce a dramatic effect. This is typically achieved by placing the light source behind an object so that its shape appears to be outlined against the brightly lit backdrop.
• Sky Glow
  Sky glow is a term used to describe the brightening of the night sky due to artificial light sources. This phenomenon is most commonly seen in urban areas – where buildings, billboards and streetlights can all cause this type of light pollution. Sky glow is actually linked to several different issues, many of which are ...
• Snoot
  Snoot is a term used in lighting to refer to a specialized light modifier, typically made of metal or plastic, which is designed to restrict and control the angle and spread of light coming from a fixture. A snoot helps direct beams of light into a narrower beam, usually with more intensity. This makes it ...
• Socket
  A socket is an electrical fixture that a lamp or light source can be connected to. Simply put, a socket holds the base of the bulb and supplies power to it through wiring.
• Spacing Criterion
  The spacing criterion, also known as the luminance uniformity criteria, is an important factor in lighting design. It is used to determine the required luminance levels and distribution pattern of a light source for both functional and aesthetic purposes. Put simply, it sets out how far apart two lamps should be placed in order to ...
• Spill Light
  Spill light is a commonly used term in the lighting industry that refers to any light that escapes from luminaries and illuminates surfaces or areas unintended by the designer. Spill light can be caused by certain fixtures being inadequately shielded or when reflectors are not positioned optimally thus allowing stray light to escape.
• Splice
  Splice, in the context of lighting design, is a term used to refer to the method of connecting two electrical wires together. This is typically done by stripping away the insulation from either wire and then twisting them around each other before wrapping them up with tape or a mechanical connector. Splicing is a useful ...
• Spotlight
  A spotlight is a type of lighting fixture that is designed to direct a narrow beam of light onto a specific spot or object. These are often used in theatrical settings to highlight an important person or area, as well as in outdoor applications such as security and observational lighting. Spotlights can also be used ...
• SPT
  SPT stands for Stranded, Parallel, Thermoplastic and refers to the amount of insulation on most flat wire. A number that follows this abbreviation indicates the thickness of the insulation. For example, STP-1 is of thinner insulation than SPT-2.
• SSL
  Solid State Lighting (SSL) is a technology that relies on LED devices to produce light, as opposed to traditional lighting sources such as halogen or incandescent bulbs. SSL uses electric currents to excite semiconductor materials within the LED device in order to generate photons, which are then emitted from the diode in the form of ...
• Starting Temperature
  Starting temperature, in the context of lighting design, is a term used to refer to the initial temperature of a light source before it’s turned on and starts to heat up. This temperature can be affected by many factors such as the type and wattage of an LED or halogen bulb, environmental temperatures and even ...
• Tape Light
  Tape light is a type of lighting that is mounted to flexible strips with an adhesive backing. These lights can be used both indoors and outdoors in areas where conventional lighting is difficult or not possible. The strips themselves are made up of several individual LED bulbs connected together in series, providing a low-voltage system.
• Total Life Hours
  Total life hours, when it comes to lighting, is a term used to describe the approximate number of hours a product can operate for before it needs to be replaced. The majority of lighting products will specify their total life hours on the box or in their technical specifications, which allows consumers to make educated ...
• Transformer
  A transformer is an electrical device used to convert the voltage of a power source from one level to another. In lighting, transformers are commonly found in low-voltage systems such as those used in outdoor landscape lighting and may be powered by either AC or DC electricity. Transformer controls work by utilizing a primary winding ...
• Translucent
  Translucent is a term that describes the degree to which light is able to pass through an object. It can be thought of as a measure of translucency, or the amount materials allow light to come through them in differing amounts. A highly translucent material will permit most light to pass through it while a ...
• Transparent
  Transparent is a term that describes the degree to which light passes through an object without being scattered. In other words, a transparent material will allow all or almost all of the incident light to travel directly through it. This makes it distinct from translucent materials, which tend to scatter and diffuse some of the ...
• UL
  Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is an independent, not-for-profit organization who tests and certifies products and materials for safety. Founded in 1894 in the United States, UL is now operating in over 104 countries worldwide providing product safety assurance services to manufacturers of consumer goods and industrial materials alike. At its core, UL is a global third-party certification ...
• Usable Light Hours
  Usable Light Hours, also referred to as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), is the amount of light that is available for a photo-synthesizing organism such as a plant to absorb and use. PAR ranges from 400-700 nanometers (nm) in wavelength, which is considered visible light, and is measured in units of energy over time (usually hours ...
• UV
  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that falls within the spectrum of light just beyond visible light. It has wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays and gamma rays, which makes it invisible to the naked eye.
• Voltage
  Voltage, also known as electrical potential difference or potential difference, is an electrical quantity that measures the potential energy per unit charge in an electrical circuit. Voltage can be measured using a voltmeter and is expressed in volts (V).
• Wall Grazing
  Wall grazing is a lighting technique that uses light fixtures to graze surfaces of vertical walls in order to produce a dramatic effect. It’s an effective method for accentuating architectural features and drawing attention towards artwork, sculptures or other objects in interior decor.
• Wall Washing
  Wall washing is a lighting technique that uses fixtures to project light over a large surface area with even brightness. It’s often used in outdoor environments such as walkways, building facades and driveways to evenly illuminate large areas while maintaining a consistent level of illumination. Wall washing is an important tool for architects and designers ...
• Watt
  A watt is the SI unit of power, which measures the rate of energy conversion. It’s equal to one joule (1J) per second, or it can be defined as the amount of power used by an electric circuit when one ampere (1A) of current flows through it with a voltage of one volt (1V). In ...
• Wattage
  Wattage is a measure of electrical power, expressed in watts. It’s the product of one ampere (1A) of current multiplied by one volt (1V) across an electrical circuit, and is used to calculate the total amount of energy being supplied or used by a system. Wattage can be used to measure energy output from electrical ...
• Wire Nut
  A wire nut is an electrical connector used to fasten two or more wires together. They are made from plastic and are designed to securely hold the multiple single-strands of wire in place, preventing them from coming into contact with each other or other contacts on the circuit.