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An incandescent bulb is a type of light source that produces light by dissipating electrical energy as heat in a filament. Incandescent bulbs have been around for more than a century and are still used in many places today. A…

Incandescence is the emission of visible light from a hot object. When an object’s temperature rises, it emits radiation in the form of visible light. This phenomenon is called incandescence and is one of the most important principles in lighting…

The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) is a nonprofit organization that sets standards for lighting and other electrical equipment. Founded in 1906, the IES is an international professional organization dedicated to advancing knowledge of lighting through research, education, and professional development.…

Illuminance is the measure of light intensity on a surface or area. It is typically measured in lux, which is equal to one lumen per square meter. Illuminance can be described as the amount of light that falls on a…

A gobo is a stencil or template used in lighting to create patterns or textures from light. Gobos are typically made from metal, glass, or plastic, and act as a filter which allows only certain portions of the light passing…

Ambient lighting is lighting designed to create an overall atmosphere in a space. It typically consists of general, diffused light that provides a background illumination and acts as the main source of light in a room. Ambient lighting can come…

Ganging is a term used to describe the process of connecting multiple fixtures together. This is often done in multi-light applications and can be accomplished either manually or with a specific ganging device. Manual ganging involves running cables from one…

A frosted lens is a translucent, semi-opaque material commonly used in lighting fixtures. It diffuses light and creates a softer glow than an unfrosted lens. Frosted lenses are often used in overhead lighting, such as track lighting and recessed lighting,…

In light, frequency refers to the number of times a wave repeats itself in one second. Frequency is commonly measured in hertz (Hz), which is equivalent to the number of cycles per second. Different types of lighting sources have different…

Foot-Lamberts (fL) is a unit of measurement used to measure the luminance or brightness of an object. It is defined as one lumen per square foot and is commonly used in the imaging, video and projection industries. Foot-Lamberts are expressed…

Footcandles (fc) are a unit of measure for measuring the intensity of light. They refer to the amount of visible light that is produced by a single candle, one foot away from the source. Footcandles are essential for calculating the…

A floodlight is a type of light fixture that emits a wide, focused beam of light in order to illuminate larger areas than other types of lighting. Floodlights are commonly used for outdoor applications such as security lighting, sports arenas,…